BOC Domain 4 Treatment and Rehab – Therapeutic Modalities Practice Test

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Which material is not typically used as the active piezoelectric element in modern transducers?
Which term describes the average energy of a single pulsed ultrasound wave?
BNR stands for what?
Phase 1 begins immediately after injury and may last up to 4 days. What is its primary focus?
In phonophoresis, what modality, intensity, and duration are typical?
Which statement best captures ultrasound research controversies?
The largest 1-22 micrometers in diameter nerve fiber; conducts action potentials the most rapidly (5-120 m/sec). Some A fibers are sensory; others have a motor function.
Why is RICE applied?
For an acute injury, ultrasound should be used with what duty cycle?
Which combination of symptoms is commonly associated with Graves' disease?
Pulsed Shortwave therapy uses high frequency electromagnetic waves in pulsed mode to produce non-thermal and thermal effects, and is particularly effective for heating what?
Which healing phase is characterized by fibroblast activity and collagen realignment?
To emphasize nonthermal effects such as micro streaming, which parameter is most important to consider?
Nonthermal ultrasound can stimulate which of the following immune-related processes?
In the acute phase of an ankle injury, whirlpool water temperature should be set to what range?
Which statement about inflammation is true?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs after what kind of event, according to the definitions?
The nonthermal effect of ultrasound is called?
When a skin area is anesthetized, it is best described as which?
Which phenomenon is described as the transfer of radiant energy through space, such as infrared heat, without a medium?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is described as occurring in individuals who have suffered a very traumatic event and is associated with which symptoms?
If cellular membranes and organelles are breaking down, this is best described as which?
Which of the following is an example of mechanotherapy?
In the objective portion of a SOAP note, which information goes there?
Which is the third stage of care?
Nonthermal diathermy effects on inflammation include which cellular process?
Myasthenia gravis is best described as
What are the typical water temperatures for whole-body and extremity whirlpool treatments?
At a tissue interface, what primary ultrasound phenomenon occurs due to impedance mismatch?
What term denotes the time required for the amount of drug in the blood to be reduced by half?
The point at which something begins to hurt
Seasonal Affective Disorder is most likely to occur during which season?
A physical agent is used for treating injuries and includes which items?
In whirlpool therapy, what effect does buoyancy have on the treated limb?
Which phenomenon involves energy crossing a boundary and changing direction due to density differences?
The term that describes the inability to fully move a joint due to the length of the muscle is:
Which term describes a person who facilitates the exchange of knowledge between researchers and practitioners?
Which of the following best describes bone resorption during growth or repair?
What is the recommended cold whirlpool temperature and duration?
Which statement correctly describes the drum method?
What frequency range is commonly cited for continuous ultrasound in wound healing?
Continuous ultrasound effect on wound healing includes which outcome?
Which therapy combination includes alternating cold, passive stretch, and resistive contraction to address acute strains?
Which statement is not a goal of massage?
Pulsed diathermy is associated with which healing change?
Electrical stimulating currents are classified into three categories. Which set lists all three correctly?
The total power of ultrasound is measured in which unit?
In the systematic approach to selecting a modality, which step involves assessing the limitations the injury places on modality selection?
Ultrasound and tissue elasticity are described as what effect?
What sensations are reported with brief-intense TENS?
Which term describes the process by which the transducer converts electrical energy into ultrasound energy?
ICD codes are used to classify which aspect of medical care?
Ultrasound effects on nerve conduction include which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT a source of evidence for evidence-based medicine as described?
Ultrasound waves in tissue are which type of waves?
Spatial average intensity is measured in which units?
Clonic contraction is characterized by which pattern?
Which section would contain the plan of care?
Ultrasound energy is absorbed by tissues primarily through which mechanism?
Agility in movement is defined as what?
What term describes the procedures, actions, and processes a healthcare provider is permitted to undertake within the bounds of their professional license?
Herpes simplex labialis is caused by which pathogen and commonly presents as what?
Acoustical streaming causes which phenomenon?
A combination of speed of movement and coordination; developed as skill patterns are performed quickly, usually with sport-specific team drills.
What is a SOAP note?
Which effect relates to healing fractures?
Continuous diathermy mode is primarily associated with which effect and stage?
What type of waves does diathermy emit?
What is the purpose of cryotherapy in inflammation, swelling, or edema?
How is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmitted?
In energy modalities, what is conversion?
What is the purpose of cryotherapy in relation to inflammation, swelling, or edema?
In the shoulder, posterior instability requires avoiding which combination of motions?
Which term defines the ability of a muscle group to repeatedly exert force against resistance for multiple repetitions?
Which of the following is an example of an acute injury?
Which statement best describes the secondary injury model?
Which frequency provides deeper tissue penetration?
Why does a 3 MHz ultrasound beam heat tissue more quickly than a 1 MHz beam?
Infection can begin to appear within what timeframe after exposure?
Which statement is not listed as a diathermy effect on blood and fluid dynamics?
Activity on a neuron that when it returns prohibits future activity on that neuron
The statement that compression of crystal leads to high particle density indicates:
A reaction that results from summation is called what?
According to the Decreased Injury Theory, cryotherapy primarily does what?
CAT stands for which term in evidence-based practice?
Anxiety disorders can cause which of the following symptoms?
Which of the following is a goal for orthopedic injury rehabilitation?
Which contraction occurs when the muscle contracts to increase tension but there is no change in length?
Which kind of trauma is classified as macrotrauma?
Which kind of trauma is classified as microtrauma?
How many cardinal signs and symptoms of injury are listed?
Deep thermotherapy involves which of the following?
Phonophoresis is best described as:
CAP stands for which term in the material?
The healing phase characterized by reestablishment of the epithelial barrier is which?
During PNF stretching, a typical cycle includes which sequence?
A biphasic electrical current is defined as:
What is the correct order of the three healing phases?
Phase 2 is characterized by which timing and duration?
Which term represents the last phase listed in the eight phases of injury?
Unstable cavitation is characterized by
In a general rehab progression, which component typically follows strength training?
Which gait is described as non weight bearing, often called swing-through gait?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of injury?
After rehab, which brace is used to prevent recurrent injury while maintaining ROM?
Phobia is defined as which of the following?
What is the direct mechanism by which the transducer emits ultrasound?
Which massage stroke is superficial, longitudinal toward the heart and helps venous return?
What is the purpose of a disperse electrode?
Rehab Goals suggest that short-term goals should be what?
Enkephalin response blocks gate by interfering with which fibers?
Inflammation nonthermal diathermy mechanism involves which process?
Which option is NOT a component of the secondary injury model?
A basketball player with a repeated ankle sprain returns for treatment and makes threats to leave if not helped. What would be the best response to this attention-seeking athlete?
In a longitudinal wave, the particle displacement is:
What type of crystal acts as the piezoelectric element in ultrasound transducers?
Which is a primary effect of massage on soft tissues?
Which content goes in the plan of care portion of a SOAP note?
Refraction in ultrasound occurs when:
What is a potential drawback of the immersion technique mentioned in the material?
Which nerve fiber conducts action potentials the most rapidly?
Spatial average density corresponds to?
Which change in blood and fluid dynamics is described with diathermy?
Which movements should be avoided for posterior instability of the glenohumeral joint?
Which statement about multiple sclerosis and heat is true?
KT is an acronym for which concept in knowledge translation?
The overload principle states that exercise must push muscles to work at a higher level than they are accustomed to. Which option best represents this idea?
Duty cycle in electrical stimulation is defined as the ratio of what to what?
Which phase involves remodeling of tissue and maturation of collagen?
Pulsed ultrasound is associated with what effect on open wounds?
Which rehab phase is designated for injuries that require surgical repair?
How should electrodes be applied relative to muscle fibers?
Friction is described as which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT an NSAID?
High-volt pulsed current stimulation (HVPCS) is best described as which of the following?
Treatment of an acute injury during the first 4 days after the injury.
Reflection in ultrasound is best described as:
Which technique increases tissue extensibility by mobilizing dense connective tissue and aligning collagen fibers?
The area of the brain that assists in controlling movement is ______.
Hydrophilic drugs are characterized by being what?
Which scale captures qualitative descriptions of pain across multiple dimensions?
Which drug is an NSAID?
Which type of pain scale uses numbers and descriptors?
Which class of drugs is described as treating both cold and allergy symptoms?
Which NSAID is selective for COX-2?
According to the traditional decreased blood flow theory, what effect does cold have on swelling?
Panic Attacks are best described as which of the following?
Cryokinetics involve alternation of cold with what?
Best practice (standard of care, standard therapy) is defined as treating a specific patient's specific condition in the way that will lead to resolution of the condition in the most complete and expedient manner possible; treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, widely used, and reproducible.
Which fiber carries nociceptive signals associated with acute pain and is larger and faster-acting than C fibers?
Which statement accurately distinguishes acetaminophen from aspirin?
Intensity in this context refers to what?
Which brain structure relays nociceptive signals from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex in the described pain pathway?
What does the production of black, tar-like stools indicate?
What is a hand dynamometer?
How deep does 1-MHz ultrasound typically heat tissue?
The secondary injury model encompasses three factors. Which set correctly lists them?
An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
What is the correct order of the RICE acronym as it is commonly taught?
Contraindications are defined as situations in which a specific modality should not be used because it may cause harm.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TEN) is primarily used to depolarize sensory nerves to modulate pain. Which nerves are targeted?
Ultrasound and tissue elasticity: what is the described effect?
HBV is most commonly spread through which routes?
Coulomb is defined as ...
Energy transmission depends on density changes during which wave phases?
Which of the following is a penicillin antibiotic?
What is the correct sequence for rehab of a grade II ankle sprain?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is described as which of the following?
Which is NOT one of the five basic massage strokes?
Which component of the RICE approach is most closely associated with reducing swelling via elevation?
Which quantity is defined as energy per unit time?
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven tools for relieving pain?
What is required for the drum method to be effective?
Which action is commonly associated with NSAIDs?
What are the seven tools for relieving pain?
Which parameter describes the beam quality in terms of intensity consistency?
Which scale is a horizontal line with anchor points at each end and descriptors spread along the line?
What is the storage water temperature range for hydroculator hot packs?
the minimal point at which a stimulus causes an action potential to occur
Which is an example of thermotherapy?
The pad method is especially used for which body parts?
What would be a functional skill for a patient in an ankle rehabilitation program?
What is the recommended treatment area size relative to the transducer?
Which massage technique is described as a long, gliding stroke that begins and ends a session?
Which statement is true about the cable method?
Lower BNR indicates what about the beam?
1-MHz ultrasound heats tissue to a depth of
What is a major advantage of Inferential Current Therapy over Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)?
In brief-intense TENS, the intensity is typically:
Typical phonophoresis parameters include:
Continuous Ultrasound and tissue healing mentions which of the following processes?
Which statement best describes typical NMES characteristics?
Energy transmission in ultrasound relies on density changes during which phases?
Which statement best describes how ultrasound energy is transformed within tissues to produce heat?
What is the recommended management for all open wounds?
Polydipsia is best defined as which symptom?
The SAID principle implies that adaptations are what?
What is vasculitis?
In the systematic approach to selecting a modality, which step involves establishing criteria for developing each phase?
The pad (bladder) method is used to accommodate irregularly shaped body parts by filling the pad with what?
Enkephalin response blocks gate by interfering with which fibers’ transmission?
Deep thermotherapy refers to modalities that cause what in deeper tissues?
In the far field, as distance increases, the beam tends to become more what?
Pulsed output in ultrasound is associated with what effect?
In remodeling, what happens to the capillary arcade and collagen?
Which of the following best describes the pharmacologic management of epilepsy?
RICE stands for which sequence?
What term describes a process by which subthreshold stimulus add together to evoke a response?
During crutch fitting, the elbow should be bent at approximately how many degrees?
What does RCT stand for in clinical research?
How is negligence defined in this context?
What is the recommended bucket immersion temperature for ice immersion?
Total power in ultrasound therapy is measured in which unit?
Record keeping can help identify which item to support communication within a clinic?
Sensory receptors located at the musculotendinous junction, which monitor active tension generated by the muscle during a contraction are called?
Shear waves are which type of waves?
Diathermy has which effect on blood and fluid dynamics?
Duty cycle refers to:
Ideally, underwater ultrasound would use which type of water?
Which type of exercise takes advantage of the stretch-shortening cycle, with rapid stretch followed by rapid concentric contractions?
What does continuous ultrasound imply?
Which statement best describes Phobia?
The mechanism by which damaged cells release signals to recruit other cells is called what?
In the cable method, how are the cables arranged relative to the body part?
Which statement about reflection is true?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in facet dysfunction treatment?
A larger ERA beam is associated with which description?
Immersion technique is particularly used for treating which area?
Cold whirlpools are typically used at what temperature range for how long?
What are heat-producing currents in the body that are formed by a magnetic field that is externally applied in short-wave diathermy called?
A smaller ERA beam is associated with which description?
Which sequence describes an open chain condition where the limb is off the ground?
Diathermy is defined as the therapeutic use of what to heat deep tissues?
Which of the following is an example of mechanotherapy?
Adipose tissue and diathermy: what is the consideration?
Intensity in ultrasound refers to what?
What is the minimal point at which a stimulus causes an action potential to occur?
Acoustical streaming causes movement of particles toward which direction?
In continuous ultrasound, what is the duty cycle and effect?
Type of summation that occurs when several subthreshold stimuli from the same axon are repeated?
Injury response processes treated with ultrasound are influenced by which factors?
Spatial summation is described as
Why is pulsed ultrasound intensity higher than continuous intensity?
High-voltage pulsed monophasic generators deliver current to deep tissues without damaging superficial tissues and are used for pain modulation. What type of waveform is used with this type stimulation?
Which of the following is an example of light therapy?
How many frequencies are listed for diathermy in the material?
Which of the following are signs and symptoms commonly associated with HIV infection?
What is the half layer depth in ultrasound terminology?
Injured cells suffer secondary injury from two main causes. What are they?
What does Specific Absorption Rate measure?
According to the cosine law, the maximal heating effect occurs when energy strikes tissue at which angle?
Endorphin response works in which part of the nervous system?
Ultrasound can be used for both therapeutic heating and diagnostic imaging.
A contrast bath is used to achieve which physiological effect?
Spatial peak intensity is measured in which units?
The half-life of a drug is determined by which processes?
Which factor is NOT listed as affecting ultrasound outcomes?
Cryostretch combines alternating cold application, passive stretch, and resistive muscle contraction to rehabilitate what kind of injuries?
Which statement best defines a therapeutic modality?
What is a commonly cited issue contributing to controversy over diathermy studies?
Protective knee braces are described as which of the following?
For fractures, pulsed ultrasound with low intensity for 20 minutes is claimed to increase healing of which types?
Which statement about isotonic external rotation exercises is accurate?
Nonthermal effects can result in which change to blood flow?
If the treatment area size is small, what is the expected consequence, according to the material?
Which configuration describes the cable method in diathermy?
Stable cavitation occurs when bubbles
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect sought with modalities such as ultrasound?
Which knee brace is designed to be worn during and after rehab to provide support during functional activities?
What is the standard treatment time for ice immersion?
Paranoia is best described as which of the following?
Topical hydrocortisone OTC concentrations are:
Acute care refers to treatment of an acute injury during which time frame after injury?
Spatial average temporal average intensity represents which concept?
What is the typical duration for cryotherapy and its continuation period after injury?
Bone grows via a process of apposition and resorption on its surface. Which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone during its growth or repair?
For a transverse wave, the particle displacement is oriented relative to the direction of propagation as?
External muscular force available for useful work is the result of which factors EXCEPT?
The beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) is defined as which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a therapeutic reason?
The local response of the body to an injury or irritant is termed what?
What is the typical bucket immersion temperature for ice baths?
Which of the following lists represents the ten goals for orthopedic injury?
Nonthermal effects can cause which of the following cellular activities?
Brief-intense TENS is also known as noxious TENS. Which of the following characterizes it?
Which organisms are the three most common bloodborne pathogens?
Duty cycle approaching 100% results in greater thermal effect. True or False?
Which content goes in the assessment portion of a SOAP note?
What does the term 'half layer' help estimate in ultrasound treatment planning?
The two types of pain relief are?
Which modality heats deep tissues using high-frequency electromagnetic waves?
Is it true that a longer half-life implies a longer duration of drug effect?
Activity on a neuron that when it returns facilitates future activity on that neuron
Which of the following is a tissue response indicating a sustained muscle contraction?
Which effect targets reduction in pain and muscle spasm?
Diathermy uses what kind of waves?
Standing waves in therapeutic ultrasound create which effect?
What is the typical progression order for strengthening exercises?
What does bioequivalence compare?
A reaction that results from summation is called?
Vibration is best described as which of the following?
Which statement best describes collagen during healing?
If you limit the treatment area, what is the expected behavior of the waves?
Mood disorders include which of the following?
What is the hallmark feature of vasculitis?
An example of thermotherapy is:
What voltage range is used by high-voltage electrical stimulation?
Why is exercise important to healing?
Depression is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
Which mechanism best explains how capacitive diathermy delivers energy to tissue?
A smaller ERA beam is described as which?
Which labeling is required on ultrasound equipment?
What does pulsed ultrasound imply?
What are the two types of pain nerve fibers?
Mechanoreceptors respond to which type of stimuli?
The crystal used to generate ultrasound in most transducers is best described as?
Which statement about acetaminophen is true?
Which intensity range should be kept around for safety?
Which term describes the study focusing on how the body influences the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
Neurapraxia is best described as which of the following?
What does biofeedback provide to support patient progress?
Which is a valid direct coupling agent for ultrasound?
In the near field, the energy distribution can be described as what?
For continuous ultrasound, the main effect is?
Which of the following is a true composite statement about diathermy biophysical effects?
Which modality could interfere with radio frequencies?
Which step follows administering a therapeutic intervention in the eight-step process?
Continuous ultrasound effect on tissue healing includes which outcome?
Which drug is used as a muscle relaxant?
Which of the following is an integration for clinical decision making?
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is thought to work by:
In electrotherapy, what does the bipolar technique entail?
Ultrasound effects on inflammation include which of the following?
Fluidotherapy is best described as which kind of modality?
Phase 1 may last up to how many days?
What is the primary purpose of using a gel-based medium in therapeutic ultrasound?
Is ultrasound recommended for acute injuries?
Phase 3 has the ultimate goal of what?
What are the two types of anxiety disorders mentioned?
Ultrasound is commonly used for which diagnostic imaging purpose?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four aspects of progression in rehab?
Which statement best describes the endogenous modulators discussed?
Which statement describes the role of fibroblasts in tissue repair?
Isometric exercise is best described as which of the following?
The buoyant (upward) force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Which statement describes this principle?
Cavitation refers to
Chemotaxis is defined as what?
At the cellular level, ultrasound can cause micro streaming that increases what?
Which type of repair involves damaged cells being repaired by the same type of cell?
According to Maitland's five grades of joint motion, which grade would be most appropriate when joint movement is limited by pain and spasm?
What is the most complex pain scale that uses pictures, scales, and words to describe pain?
Which term describes any agent used to treat any microorganism, including bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
The energy of a pulsed ultrasound wave during its on-time is called what?
Why could diathermy interfere with radio communications?
In the eight steps of clinical decision making, which action is performed after establishing goals?
Which outcome aligns with tissue extensibility improvement when using ultrasound?
What does a lower BNR indicate?
Which diathermy type is seldom used in the US due to contraindications?
Pulsed ultrasound is characterized by which of the following?
What does gate control theory state?
Which statement best describes thermotherapy in rehabilitation?
The capacitive diathermy method primarily produces heat by which mechanism?
Iontophoresis is used to deliver what therapeutic effect locally?
Inferential Current Therapy (IFC) is characterized by
What is the process by which subthreshold stimuli add together to evoke a response?
Which types of meds are most commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy?
Which type of clinical trial is considered the best quality of evidence?
What term describes the action of one agent on another that evokes activity in the receiving structure?
In Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, which stage is characterized by ongoing adaptation after the initial alarm response?
The near field is used for which purpose?
Endorphin response works where?
During the rarefaction phase of the crystal, density is?
Which term correctly describes shear waves?
The PTSD description in the material emphasizes which symptoms?
Isotonic Exercise is defined by which feature?
Which statement best defines conversion in energy modalities?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that affects ultrasound?
Conduction is best described as which type of heat transfer?
The bipolar technique uses:
Which goal among the orthopedic injury goals focuses on neuromotor performance and coordination?
Petrissage consists of pressing and rolling the muscles under the fingers and hands. This milking action over deep tissues increases venous and lymphatic return and removes metabolic waste. Which statement describes Petrissage?
For skin lesions and ulcers, what ultrasound frequency is recommended?
Type of summation that occurs when a number of subthreshold stimuli from same axon are repeated
Beyond diagnostic imaging, ultrasound can be used for which purpose?
Which statement correctly defines MHz?
Cryokinetics is best described as which of the following?
To keep therapy within comfortable limits, intensity should be kept around which range?
Compression of the piezoelectric crystal results in:
Which statement best defines negligence in a healthcare context?
Which of the following is a desired therapeutic effect?
How are ultrasound waves produced in the transducer?
Which term lists the five cardinal signs and symptoms of injury?
Which term refers to scheduled drugs with abuse potential that require more stringent distribution, storage, and record-keeping?
Which term best defines the average energy of a single pulsed ultrasound wave?
What is proprioception?
Capacitive diathermy tends to heat tissue more superficially than induction diathermy. True or False?
When multiple sub stimuli converge on one cell body simultaneously, this is known as?
Which statement about ultrasound controversy is true?
Why is exercise important to healing?
Ultrasound is used to manage which of the following soft-tissue conditions?
Which topical OTC antibacterial contains neomycin?
Unstable cavitation is best described as gas bubbles that do what under ultrasound exposure?
Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of modalities?
Which is the deepest form of massage and can loosen adherent fibrous tissue scars?
What are hot whirlpools recommended temperature and duration?
The phase where collagen synthesis and granulation tissue form is which?
Which technique is used to combine results from multiple studies into a single estimate?
Passive insufficiency occurs when which condition is true?
To decrease tissue damage, continuous intensity should be?
Which modality causes a tissue temperature rise in deeper tissues?
Capacitive method is thermal through which mechanism?
Which statement correctly describes the energy localization on the sound head?
During hemostasis and inflammation, what is the main event?
Neurapraxia typically heals in approximately how long?
Best practice (standard of care) refers to which concept?
Golgi tendon organs are sensory receptors located at the musculotendinous junction; they monitor active tension generated by the muscle during a contraction. What are they called?
A neoprene sleeve is typically used for which purpose?
Which massage technique is used to induce a sedative effect?
In Cryostretch, how long should the ice remain on before stretching?
In the remodeling phase, what occurs to stabilize and restore the injury site?
Which tissue property is a primary determinant of ultrasound absorption?
Pulsed intensity is higher because?
Which modality should be used sparingly, if at all, with multiple sclerosis?
Under PCT, which component goes?
Aspirin is the most commonly used drug to relieve pain and inflammation. A normal dosage is 325 to 650 mg every 4 hours. What is the typical dosage range for aspirin?
Which scale is the most complex pain scale, using pictures, scales, and words to describe pain?
The muscle opposite the agonist, which lengthens when the agonist contracts to move a limb, is called the what?
Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. This statement is:
3-MHz ultrasound heats tissue to a depth of
What is a stretching exercise that consists of a 'stretch and hold' position called?
Which criterion is commonly cited as a limitation in ultrasound research?
Which process involves the arrival and movement of white blood cells to the injured tissue?
Which of the following is not a typical ultrasound effect?
Cold urticaria presents as which of the following after cold exposure?
In capacitive field diathermy, where are the electrodes placed?
Tissue healing is thought to occur predominantly through which effects?
Which medication is commonly used in phonophoresis?
Which of the following is a systemic corticosteroid?
Standing waves in ultrasound therapy are associated with:
There are 4 types of common noxious stimuli, what are they?
What term refers to a reason to do something in treatment planning?
Which statement best describes thermotherapy in rehabilitation?
Which sequence represents the pain pathway from stimulus to cerebral cortex as described?
What effect does an increase in tissue resistance have on heating during diathermy?
Wound healing is enhanced with which ultrasound mode?
Pulsed ultrasound on wound healing is described as having which action on open wounds?
Which characteristic defines high-voltage electrical stimulation?
Which current is specifically associated with muscle reeducation by producing isometric contractions?
Pulsed ultrasound on injury response process involves which cell type?
What effect does thermal diathermy have during the inflammatory response?
Which of the following best lists the four healing modifiers?
Joint mechanoreceptors are found in all of the following structures except:
The D2 flexion pattern of the hip engages which muscle groups?
Why can bone be damaged by ultrasound?
Which statement best defines a closed circuit?
Which of the following is a nonthermal effect of ultrasound?
Clonic contractions involve which physiologic pattern?
Which pain scale has a line with contrasting descriptors at either end of the line?
In therapeutic modality duty cycles, what value indicates continuous delivery?
If the transducer is moved closer to the tissue, the intensity is:
Which of the following is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma?
If ultrasound is applied at a lower intensity, what adjustment is suggested?
Pulsed diathermy mode is associated with which effect and stage?
Grave's disease is the most common form of which endocrine disorder?
Which statement is true about acetaminophen?
In a longitudinal ultrasound wave, particle displacement is what relative to the direction of travel?
To treat a smaller area, which sound head diameter would you select?
When diathermy is used over adipose tissue, what is the primary safety concern?
Ultrasound energy is absorbed by
Which chain occurs when the foot or hand is in contact with the ground and weight bearing?
Which five pain scales are commonly used?
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretching involves which features?
Endorphin and enkephalin are examples of which type of mediators?
How are ultrasound waves produced in the transducer?
A larger ERA beam is described as which of the following?
Is there an immunization available for Hepatitis B (HBV)?
According to the cosine law, the maximal therapeutic effect occurs when energy rays strike the body at what angle relative to the tissue surface?
What term refers to a reason not to do something in treatment planning?
What does a contrast bath achieve in subacute or chronic injuries?
During the healing process, which phase is primarily associated with stopping bleeding?
Record keeping serves several purposes. Which of the following is a direct purpose?
What is the primary goal of Petrissage in massage?
Penicillins, tetracycline, and sulfonamides are examples of what category?
What is the primary purpose of record keeping?
Spatial average temporal peak intensity describes the average intensity during which period?
Which modality is considered among the four healing modifiers?
Induction method is primarily which type?
What is the primary purpose of knowledge translation in healthcare?
Continuous ultrasound is associated with thermal effects.
Refraction in ultrasound involves waves doing what as they cross an interface?
For acute injuries, should ultrasound be applied in pulsed or continuous mode?
How are the electrodes arranged in Inferential Current Therapy to target an area of pain?
Electrical therapy is used to:
Static stretching is defined as which of the following?
Which item is included in the recommended records to keep?
Is a patient with a cardiac pacemaker a contraindication for diathermy?
In brief-intense TENS, what electrode placement technique is MOST commonly used?
Which parameter indicates how much of the treatment time the ultrasound is on?
The term 'effective radiating area' refers to what?
What does a duty cycle value of 100 indicate?
During proliferation, what is occurring?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the remodeling phase?
How long does immediate care last?
What best describes cryokinetics?
Inflammation serves two purposes in tissue response. Which pair best describes these purposes?
What is the therapeutic ultrasound intensity range in watts per square centimeter (W/cm2)?
Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism according to the source material?
What is the first step in the eight steps of clinical decision making?
Which term refers to the specific chemical compound a medicine is made of and is not owned by anyone?
In electrical stimulation, electrode size and placement primarily determine what?
In a SOAP note, which section commonly documents the clinician's diagnosis?
Petrissage is best described as which action?
What physiological effects occur under the cathode (negative pole) of an electrical stimulator?
Which of the following describes a primary physiological response to cold application?
Which term describes the effect of the drug on the body and the effect of the body on the drug?
Using an ultrasound transducer as a stim produces stimulation that becomes electrical transmitted along with the ultrasound.
During a lower extremity D1 flexion PNF pattern, what movements are taking place at the hip?
What type of collagen is formed first in the proliferation stage?
Pulsed ultrasound uses higher instantaneous intensity due to what reason?
Cystic fibrosis can involve which organs besides the lungs?
Which acronym refers to a concise, critical summary of evidence on a focused clinical question?
What is a reported effect of ultrasound on nerve conduction?
Evaluation describes which process in patient care?
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) is a modality that primarily moves a joint through a preset arc of motion. It is commonly used after which procedures?
The process of digesting cellular debris is called what?
The term "half layer" in ultrasound refers to what?
Transmission of energy across tissue boundaries is most affected by:
Hyperemia is defined as
As distance increases, the beam becomes more uniform. This statement is:
Type of repair where damaged cells are repaired by the same type of cell?
What mode of operation is typically used to achieve nonthermal effects in ultrasound?
Which instrument would you use to measure grip strength in a clinical setting?
Which statement best describes a property of stretching as it relates to Golgi tendon organs?
Capacitive method is more ______ than induction method.
Which condition is characterized by color changes in the digits due to vasospasm triggered by cold or emotional stress?
For underwater ultrasound, the recommended immersion medium is which?
For continuous ultrasound in wound healing, a frequency around 1 to 1.5 MHz for about 5 minutes daily is associated with which outcome?
Spatial peak intensity refers to which characteristic of the ultrasound beam?
Temporal summation is the type of summation that occurs when
Which option is not among the common electrode types used in electrotherapy?
Which statement about the pad (bladder) method is true?
Ultrasound can assist in reabsorption of which deposits in soft tissue?
NOCSAE certification for helmets ensures which of the following?
Anaerobic exercise is characterized by which of the following?
The process of translating science from the research laboratory to clinical practice is termed what?
Which term describes the average intensity over the beam area and the pulse duration?
Polydipsia is most commonly a symptom of which condition?
Therapeutic ultrasound is contraindicated for fractures involving which area?
During a D2 extension pattern of the upper extremity, what is the proper timing sequence?
Which term describes applying high-quality evidence to patient care?
Which drug is a tetracycline antibiotic?
Which statement about acetaminophen is true?
Dynamic stretching before activity is described as which?
Hydrotherapy modalities include which of the following?
An intensity of 1.5-2.0 W/cm2 is typically what?
Which frequencies are used therapeutically?
What is the primary purpose of record keeping in clinical practice?
Which statement best describes SATA intensity?
What is the stated purpose of the pad (bladder) method?
What is stated about Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation (MENS) in the material?
A stimulus below threshold is called which?
Pulsed ultrasound intensities are associated with which effect at 1.5-2 W/cm2?
In Cryokinetics, the body part is numbed for 10-20 minutes before the initial exercise and alternated numbness and exercise at least how many times?
High-voltage electrical stimulation is noted for several uses; which is NOT one of them?
After a rotator cuff repair, which muscle needs strengthening?
Which phenomenon is directly responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical waves in the ultrasound transducer?
Which characteristic promotes absorption of a drug across lipid membranes?
Conduction is the direct transfer of energy between two objects in physical contact with each other. What is necessary to initiate this transfer?
Volume of distribution refers to what?
Hepatitis C (HCV) infection: what percentage have no signs or symptoms?
How deep does 3-MHz ultrasound typically heat tissue?
What is the correct sequence of tissue healing?
What is cold urticaria?
Diathermy equipment can interfere with which of the following?
In therapeutic ultrasound, what is the primary purpose?
During epitheliazation, the main event is
The burst mode in electrical stimulation is defined as...
Pulsed ultrasound on injury response process is associated with an increase in which protein-related process?
In bipolar technique, what is the effect of using equal-size electrodes on current distribution?
Depth of cold penetration (4-5 cm) depends on which factors?
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) units are designed to:
Which therapy uses cold as a treatment to reduce inflammation by lowering tissue temperature?
Isokinetic exercise is best described by which statement?
The phase of healing focused on tissue strengthening and remodeling is which?
In pulsed ultrasound, which statement is true?
Match the diathermy method with its correct description: Induction method; Capacitive method; Drum method; Cable method.
Which option is NOT one of the four integrations for clinical decision making?
Which sequence correctly lists the four healing phases in order?
Permeability increases in blood vessels during which phase of injury?
Which description matches the sensory mode of TENS for acute pain?
Which statement best describes how frequency affects the depth of heating?
Which PNF technique is NOT a strengthening technique?
Continuous ultrasound is associated with which type of effects?
In the described pain pathway, which structure acts as the relay between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex?
In underwater ultrasound, the ideal immersion medium is which of the following?
What is the generalized model of processes that occur after an acute injury?
Which natural crystal is a piezoelectric material used in some ultrasound devices?
Which statement best describes biofeedback in rehabilitation?
What is the only NSAID used topically in the United States?
Which description best characterizes the remodeling phase of wound healing?
Which of the following is a valid coupling method for ultrasound?
Which term describes the ability to perform activities for an extended period focusing on heart and lung function?
Isokinetic training is best defined as generation of a muscular force with visible joint movement that occurs at a constant speed but with variable external resistance.
Which statement is not described as part of the injury response effects of diathermy?
Using ultrasound at 1.5 W/cm2 for 10 minutes can increase tissue temperature by approximately
In tissue mechanics, how is stress defined?
In electrotherapy, what term describes the substance that facilitates the transmission of electrical current from the electrodes to the skin?
When ultrasound waves hit bone, what happens to the wave type according to the material?
What is formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome?
Effleurage is a superficial, longitudinal stroke to relax the patient. When applied toward the heart, it reduces swelling and aids in venous return. It begins and ends each massage. Which statement about effleurage is true?
During which healing phase do fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen peak to begin granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis?
Effleurage is described as which of the following?
Which modality is used for drug delivery via iontophoresis?
Aspirin dosage used for pain relief and inflammation is typically which?
Biphasic current is characterized by which feature?
Petrissage increases venous and lymphatic return and removes metabolic waste from the injured area. True or False?
Intertrigo refers to which condition?
Therapeutic ultrasound waves are typically described as which combination?
Which is an example of cryotherapy?
Which section would document tests and evaluative measures?
Which non-opioid analgesic is commonly used for mild to moderate pain and lacks anti-inflammatory properties?
What is the primary use for ultrasound?
The transmission of an ultrasound wave is described as which process?
What is a protective spasm of the muscular abdominal wall called?
Which frequencies are used therapeutically?
Contrast bath therapy involves ...
Massage can control pain by activating which systems?
What does megahertz (MHz) indicate in ultrasound therapy?
Why are crushed ice packs more beneficial than gel packs?
Neurapraxia typically presents with which combination?
Thermal effect of diathermy compared with ultrasound is that heat is retained how long?
Which mode is used to achieve heating in subacute conditions?
KT stands for which term?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between bone pain and ultrasound exposure in this material?
Which statement best describes the role of TENS in pain management?
Which of the following is a goal among the 10 goals for orthopedic injury rehabilitation?
Which cell type is primarily involved in engulfing bacteria during acute injury healing?
Which term denotes the branding assigned by the manufacturer to the drug?
Which term describes summation when subthreshold stimuli from the same axon are repeated?
Duty cycle in therapeutic ultrasound is defined as what?
Which are the four traditional sources of evidence listed for evidence-based practice?
During isotonic external rotation of the glenohumeral joint in shoulder rehabilitation, which muscle is primarily involved?
What is Raynaud's phenomenon?
DAPRE is characterized by performing maximal repetitions during which sets?
Stable cavitation occurs when gas bubbles compress under high pressure and decompress under low pressure. Which option best describes this process?
Approximately how long after treatment might blood flow increase as a result of ultrasound?
Using ultrasound at 1.5 W/cm2 for 10 minutes can increase tissue temperature by approximately how many degrees Fahrenheit up to 2.5 cm deep?
In burst mode, after the burst interval ends, the current:
What diameter is specified for the treatment area in the material?
Progression in rehab follows the SAID principle which states the body adapts in specific ways to implied demands. This is known as the:
Which pain scale is named for a questionnaire used to assess pain quality?
What does phonophoresis accomplish?
A-delta fiber is defined as which of the following?
Therapeutic ultrasound intensities are expressed in W/cm2 and range from
Cognitive function may be affected by all of the following except:
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of progression in rehab?
Which item is NOT listed as a contraindication to ultrasound?
What is the paraffin bath temperature range?
What is a therapeutic modality?
If a drug distributes extensively into body tissues, what can be inferred about its volume of distribution?
Effective radiating area refers to what?
In the orthopedic injury model, what event occurs directly after leukocytes engulf bacteria?
Friction is the deepest form of massage and consists of deep, circular motions performed by the thumb, knuckles, or ends of the fingers at right angles to the involved tissue. These deep circular movements can loosen adherent fibrous tissue scars, aid in the absorption of an edema, and reduce localized muscular spasm. Which describes Friction?
How long does emergency care last?
What happens to high peaks and valleys of intensity as distance increases?
Which term best describes a phase marked by increased vascular permeability?
In ultrasound, the coupling medium is used to ...
Which section of a SOAP note would contain recommendations for future therapy and timelines?
Drug distribution refers to the movement of the drug where?
Which statement describes refraction?
Which type of inflammation occurs when the inflammatory response cannot eliminate the cause or restore normal function?
Hepatitis B (HBV) attacks which organ?
Secondary injury to injured cells is caused by two main factors, which are?
Which modality is designed to produce an isometric contraction and is useful in muscle reeducation?
What does the acronym RCT stand for in the context of clinical research as described?
Periosteal pain during ultrasound exposure typically indicates:
What amount of time may it take for complete remodeling of tissues to occur after a soft tissue injury?
Which brain region is the final destination in the described pain pathway before conscious perception?
A hockey helmet should fit in which manner?
Which term represents the brand name owned by a pharmaceutical company?
Which of the following is not typically listed as a therapeutic purpose of modalities?
Record keeping provides three areas of communication. Which are they?
Which term describes a stimulus that does not reach the threshold to trigger an action potential?
Which information belongs in the objective portion of a SOAP note?
Which set of numbers listed corresponds to the diathermy frequencies in the material?
Direct transfer of energy between two objects in physical contact is called which?
Type of repair where damaged cells are replaced with simpler cells?
Which term refers to the muscle contraction that causes movement?
Which drug is used to treat gout by lowering uric acid levels?
When multiple sub stimuli converge on one cell body simultaneously
In a SOAP note, which section would most likely include a clinician's impression of the patient's progress after treatment sessions?
What is the typical whirlpool immersion temperature for ice therapy?
Which waveform configuration is used with high-voltage pulsed monophasic stimulation to minimize superficial tissue damage?
Which mechanism contributes to tissue heating during ultrasound?
Which modality among the seven tools is used for cooling tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended step when fitting a football helmet?
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is designed to do what?
Pulsed ultrasound on the injury response process is associated with which of the following?
The definitions provided describe Personality Disorder as involving disturbances in multiple domains including which of the following?
Duty cycle is defined as the percentage of time that ultrasound is generated, which equals what?
Galvanic current is another name for which category of electrical stimulation?
Which item is a subcategory of acute care?
Which term best describes the study of how drugs produce their effects at the cellular level, including receptor interactions?
In fluidotherapy, the therapeutic temperature range is normally set to which of the following?
During inflammation, the injury is contained and stabilized and debris is removed.
Which are the four types of sensory nerve fibers listed in the material?
Russian electrical stimulation is designed to produce:
What does the gate control theory state?
Which modality among the seven tools is used for heating tissue?
Drug excretion involves?
Pulsed ultrasound is associated with which type of effects?
When ultrasound waves encounter bone, what may occur to the wave type?
Which of the following are subcategories of acute care?
Which statement is true about diathermy effects?
Continuous Shortwave Diathermy (CSWD) is used to achieve which of the following effects?
Which technique is used to combine and summarize results of several studies?
Which of the following is NOT among the five common pain scales?
Stretching is used to improve which of the following?
In continuous ultrasound, spatial peak intensity is determined by which parameter?
During the proliferation phase of wound healing, which events reach a peak to initiate granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis?
Which tissue has little effect on ultrasound transmission?
The female athletic triad consists of which components?
Which interface is most reflective of ultrasound energy?
What is the typical treatment duration for ice immersion?
Which of the following numbers is not listed as a diathermy frequency?
What is the typical duration of a cryotherapy session for maximum cooling?
During Phase 3, which types of training are emphasized?
Ballistic stretching is best described by which of the following?
The two types of tissue repair are?
Which statement best describes the energy delivery difference between pulsed and continuous ultrasound?
CAP stands for which term?
How fast should you move the transducer during therapeutic ultrasound?
Which device is more effective in decreasing skin temperature during cryotherapy?
Four weeks post-operatively after shoulder arthroscopy, a patient has limited abduction due to capsular stiffness. Which joint glide would be most appropriate to improve this motion?
To achieve a larger treated area, which ERA relationship is most appropriate?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of progression in rehab?
During iontophoresis, which combination of medications and ion charges is described?
Thermal diathermy applied to inflamed tissue is associated with which change?
What is the diameter range for A fibers?
Phonophoresis uses ultrasound to enhance absorption of which substances?
Which of the following is a healing phase?
Thermotherapy is best placed in rehab during which phase?
Which factors influence the depth of cold penetration during cryotherapy?
A fiber characteristics include which?
In the eight-step clinical decision making process, what is the first step?
What is the final step of the eight-step clinical decision making process?
Transverse waves in ultrasound are also known as:
The process by which immune cells engulf and remove debris is known as?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the female athletic triad?
Which of the following describes a therapeutic use of iontophoresis?
Which is a biophysical effect of diathermy?
Ultrasound waves are produced when alternating current causes a crystal to do what?
A 1 MHz ultrasound beam tends to do what in tissue?
Hyperemia is defined as which of the following?
The transfer of research between researchers and practitioners is termed what?
What does extension lag mean?
Which statement best describes drugs used for cold and allergy management?
Which of the following is not a component of the RICE protocol?
Continuous Passive Motion is a modality that applies an external force to move the joint through a preset arc of motion. It primarily is used postsurgically at the knee, after knee manipulation, or after stable fixation of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures of most joints, such as the hand, wrist, hip, shoulder, elbow, and ankle. What is CPM primarily used for?
What is the main event during epithelization?
During hemostasis and inflammation, what is the main event occurring?
Which term is the study of the mechanism of action of drugs?
Which term refers to the practice of standard care and widely used therapies in treatment?
Pain during treatment can be caused by which of the following?
When too much energy is concentrated near bone during ultrasound, which symptom may occur?
Ultrasound is used to manage which soft-tissue conditions?
Which statement best describes Russian stimulation?
What is the typical maximum depth of penetration achievable with cryotherapy?
Adipose tissue has what kind of effect on ultrasound?
What is the result when ultrasound waves encounter an interface with density differences?
In relation to injury response, diathermy is described as providing which effect?
Negative feedback in neurons is defined as
Which pairing correctly describes the modes of diathermy application?
Which contraction occurs when the resistance is greater than the muscular force and the muscle lengthens while contracting?
Bacillus is best described as which of the following?
Decreased injury theory states what?
What is the reported effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound for 20 minutes on fracture healing?
What is a common reason for controversy in diathermy treatment studies?
What is defined as the maximum force that can be applied by a muscle during a single maximal contraction?
In biomechanics, which statement best defines stress?
Isotonic exercise typically involves which characteristic?
Core stability training aims to improve strength, neuromuscular control, power, and endurance of muscles in which regions?
Which phase comes after Proliferation in the healing sequence?
What term describes the procedures, actions and processes a healthcare provider is permitted to undertake within the terms of their professional license?
Which statement best describes the overall effect of ultrasound on inflammation and healing according to the material?
KT stands for which term?
Which pain scale uses numbers and descriptors?
Cryotherapy is usually applied for 20 to 30 minutes several times a day for maximum cooling of both superficial and deep tissues. How is this practice best described?
Brief-Intense mode stimulates which fibers?
Acute care has three subcategories, what are they?
Acoustical streaming describes
Contrast bath therapy involves:
In immersion technique, which areas may cause patient discomfort due to pressure?
The rapid, controlled use of brief, rhythmic strokes is an example of which massage category?
Which statement best describes the remodeling phase?
Positive feedback in neurons is defined as
For pulsed ultrasound, which combination is most associated with nonthermal effects?
During electrical stimulation, which electrode is the cathode?
Which term describes the overall energy carried by the ultrasound waves per unit area?
What characterizes dose oriented ultrasound treatments?
In induction methods of diathermy, how is energy delivered?
Which type of pain scale uses descriptors and no numbers?
In pulsed diathermy, what does the controversy revolve around?
The muscle that contracts to cause movement is known as the what?
Injury response process and ultrasound: effects depend on which factors?
Vibration consists of finite, gentle, rhythmic movement of the fingers to vibrate the underlying tissues. It is used for relaxation or stimulation. Which describes Vibration?
Ultrasound and nerve conduction are reported to do which of the following?
Convection is described as a more rapid heat transfer process than conduction and occurs when what moves across the body?
Which statement best describes typical phonophoresis parameters?
Pulsed ultrasound on injury response process is associated with which cellular mediator?
During inflammation, ultrasound can move tissues into which healing phase?
Which term describes the muscle that is being stretched?
Which mode is used to achieve nonthermal effects in acute conditions?
Which term describes the ability to perform activities for an extended period of time?
What are the 4 healing modifiers?
Which pain scale is described as a horizontal line with anchor points at each end and descriptors spread along the line?
When using a lower intensity, you should do what?
What is the purpose of a disperse electrode or stim pad in ultrasound therapy?
Activity on a neuron that, when it returns prohibits future activity on that neuron is called?
Pulsed diathermy healing is associated with an increase in which process?
A smaller ERA beam is described as which of the following?
In the subjective portion of a SOAP note, which information goes there?
Which statement about NSAIDs is true?
Which describes a therapeutic modality?
What is the typical sensation progression during NMES, and what is the minimum pulse rate stated?
An injury of sudden onset, caused by high-intensity, short-duration forces; examples are sprains, strains, and contusions.
Which statement is NOT listed as an effect of diathermy on blood and fluid dynamics?
Energy is located in the sound head in which location?
Pulsed ultrasound on injury response process is associated with which change?
The three stages of care are?
What is the primary purpose of Controlled Compression Therapy (CCT) units?
Which modality category includes ice packs and cold whirlpool?
Which description matches Personality Disorder?
What does the SAID principle state?
When should ultrasound treatment ideally begin after injury?
In dose oriented treatments, what is the role of the machine?
Which term describes summation when multiple sub stimuli converge on a neuron at the same time?
What are the two induction configurations used in diathermy?
Which of the following is a common crystal material referenced for ultrasound transducers in older equipment?
After approximately 14 days post-injury, what type of care sets in?
Which modalities can be used in Phase 2?
Which items should be kept as records?
What is the typical ultrasound frequency range used therapeutically?
The primary purpose of biofeedback is to help patients progress more quickly by:
Which organization establishes minimum safety standards for protective helmets used in football, baseball, softball, and lacrosse?
Nonthermal ultrasound is associated with which effect?
KT stands for which term?
Paraffin bath treatment time is typically
Absorption in tissue energy transfer refers to energy absorbed by which of the following?
Which effect indicates improved circulation?
Spatial Average Temporal Average (SATA) intensity is a measure of what?
In capacitive diathermy, what happens to the treated body part?
Which modality would be most appropriate for heating deep tissues?
Phase 2 activities should help maintain which aspects?
Which type of exercises may be safely initiated immediately after knee surgery?
What is considered the best quality type of evidence in clinical decision making?
As you move closer to the transducer, the intensity of the ultrasound waves changes how?
Which intensity is usually too hot for therapeutic ultrasound?
Which of the following is listed as an advantage of phonophoresis?
Ultrasound should not be used for fractures at which sites?
Which effect would improve tissue extensibility?
What is the heat transfer method used in diathermy?
Mobilizing and transporting pathogens from the injury site through vessels is described as which process?
Which statement correctly describes the five basic massage strokes?
Where in the spinal cord is the gate control mechanism located according to the theory?
The coulomb is the basic unit of electric charge produced by approximately 6.28 x 10^18 displaced electrons.
Percussion massage is commonly known as tapotement and is typically performed with which hand position?
The direct coupling method for ultrasound involves applying the transducer with which coupling agents?
Why is the repair response so limited in the articular cartilage of a joint after an injury in the adult athlete?
Adipose tissue has what effect on ultrasound?
The induction method used in diathermy is primarily which type?
What is the pathway that pain takes in our body?
Which statement defines transmission?
Rarefaction of the crystal results in:
Which is a common goal of electrical therapy in rehabilitation?
In superficial wounds treated with diathermy, which practice should be avoided?
What is the reported effect of continuous ultrasound on the injury response process?
Which option is NOT a typical purpose of keeping records?
Which process is described as moving scientific knowledge from the research setting into day-to-day clinical practice?
What must be present in the drum diathermy configuration to manage moisture?
Flexibility describes which ability?
Which statement best explains the SAID principle?
In the motor mode for chronic pain, which statement is true?
An example of electrotherapy is:
Reflection in ultrasound is described as waves moving in which direction?
Alternating current is defined as which of the following?
Hydrophobic drugs are typically what?
What is stated about pulsed diathermy controversy?
Which statement reflects a nonthermal effect that promotes tissue remodeling?
Which of the following best describes ultrasound effects on fibroblast activity during inflammation?
What are the two settings for ultrasound?
The half-life of a drug refers to which concept?
Which outcome is typical from massage?
Mechanotherapy is a class of modalities that primarily uses which approach?
Russian electrical stimulation is designed to produce what kind of contraction?
Brief-intense TENS is characterized by stimulating C fibers and producing burning, needling sensation with twitch and tetanic contractions; beat frequency varies and intensity is higher than sensory TENS. Which statement is true?
Higher frequency beam will
What is one purpose of Controlled Compression Therapy Units (CCT)?
What four factors comprise the systematic approach to selecting a modality?
What best describes a rifle approach in therapeutic modalities?
Cold application commonly leads to which of the following changes?
Cavitation in ultrasound refers to gas bubble formation as a result of which effects?
What is a neurapraxia?
What term describes the transfer of research between researchers and practitioners?
Half-life describes the rate at which a drug disappears from the body through which processes?
Micromassage moves what?
Which term is the study of the factors that affect the time course of the drug's events?
The size of the crystal inside the ultrasound machine primarily affects which aspect of the beam?
Which of the following is an example of electrotherapy?
A SOAP note is best described as?
An example of mechanotherapy is:
Which of the following are contraindications to diathermy?
Which option is not a nonthermal effect of ultrasound?
Which of the following best describes Panic Attacks according to the material?
CAT stands for what in evidence-based medicine?
What is the recommended intensity range for superficial wounds when using pulsed ultrasound at 20% duty cycle?
Which statement best describes the relationship between ultrasound intensity and tissue temperature?
Which term is defined as repetitively moving soft tissue back and forth over the underlying bone with minimal joint movement?
Pulsed ultrasound intensities are typically in which range?
The effective radiating area describes the area of the sound head that emits energy, which is:
Which value describes pulsed duty cycle as indicated in the source?
Which anatomical feature is explicitly listed as a contraindication for ultrasound therapy?
Continuous ultrasound is...
Which term describes a concise, focused summary used to answer a clinical question after reviewing evidence?
Which records should be kept?
Which output mode is associated with nonthermal effects in therapeutic ultrasound?
The amount of ultrasound energy absorbed by tissue primarily depends on which tissue characteristic?
For superficial wounds, diathermy is generally avoided because it can cause moisture.
The signal to the rest of the body that cells have been damaged is produced by which mechanism?
Tapotement uses sharp, alternating, brisk hand movements, such as hacking, slapping, beating, cupping, and clapping, to increase blood flow and stimulate peripheral nerve endings. Which is Tapotement?
What is a major advantage of HVPCS?
Drug metabolism is best defined as?
Radiation in therapy refers to the transfer of energy in the form of what, without physical contact?
Which joints are commonly treated with CPM?
Treatment parameters for diathermy should be tailored to the patient.
There are 4 types of common noxious stimuli, what are they?
What are the two types of electrotherapy described?
Convection is characterized by which statement?
What ultrasound parameter is associated with increasing the breaking strength of a healing incision when used continuously?
In crutch fitting, what distance is recommended between the axilla and the crutch pad?
Which sequence correctly lists the four steps to the orthopedic injury model?
What is the typical temperature range for an ice bath?
Thermal effect of diathermy states that heat is retained how many times longer than ultrasound?
Which statement accurately describes how ERA size affects beam directionality?
What risk is associated with not moving the sound head during treatment?
Lymph-edema Pump therapy typically lasts how long per session and how many times per day?
The amount of ultrasound absorption depends on
Which component is described as undergoing compression and rarefaction to generate waves?
What is the primary purpose of using a coupling medium in ultrasound practice?
Static electricity is best described as what?
A patient presents with an acute foot injury and an antalgic gait. What should you do first?
Burst mode in electrical stimulation is defined as:
What heat transfer method does diathermy primarily use?
During which phase does blood vessel formation, capillary bedding, capillary arcade formation, and collagen synthesis occur?
Which frequency is used for deeper tissue heating?
NMES and TEN are forms of what category?
Which brain region is the final site for conscious perception of pain in the described pathway?
Where are the plate electrodes placed in capacitive field diathermy?
Which wound types are commonly recognized in wound management texts?
What does intensity describe in ultrasound therapy?
Which statement about nerve fibers is true?
When ultrasound energy encounters air, approximately what percentage is reflected?
High-voltage pulsed stimulation may be used as an adjunct tx in controlling acute and chronic pain through what 2 mechanisms?
Which three frequencies are listed for diathermy?
What goes in the assessment portion of a SOAP note?
Which best describes impediments to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP)?
Bone will become damaged if hit by ultrasound because
What are the two types of pain nerve fibers?
Which item is part of the systematic approach to selecting a modality?
Continuous Shortwave Diathermy (CSWD) is used to accomplish which of the following?
Which of the following is not a biophysical effect of diathermy?
Contraindications are ...
Which statement best describes the near field in ultrasound therapy?
What are the two settings used for ultrasound therapy?
Which information belongs in the subjective portion of a SOAP note?
Why is applying RICE recommended after an injury?
Which elements should be included on ultrasound equipment labeling?
Continuous ultrasound is defined as:
Which section of a SOAP note would include range-of-motion measurements and other test results?
Personality Disorder is described as which of the following?
Feedback from the muscles as to what they are doing during a particular activity is known as ______.
When rehabilitating a cervical strain, the athletic trainer must maintain the integrity of which region?
Which term is defined as the minimal stimulus intensity required to trigger an action potential?
Which cells are active after an injury to begin building collagen?
Functional braces are typically used for what purpose?
Which statement about electrode sizes is true in electrical stimulation?
Which scale has a line with contrasting descriptors at either end?
A treatment area limited to 1 inch in diameter corresponds to which larger area?
Which phase is primarily concerned with capillary formation and collagen synthesis?
The point at which something begins to hurt
Which class includes laser therapy and other light-based treatments?
What is the primary purpose of a sports bra?
3 MHz gets warm faster due to which characteristic?
During continuous ultrasound, what should be done to intensity to minimize tissue damage?
Which term best describes the ability to generate force quickly?
HBV can survive in dried blood for at least how long?
The secondary injury model encompasses three things; what are they?
Which of the following is an example of hydrotherapy?
Activity on a neuron that, when it returns, facilitates future activity on that neuron is called?
Which term refers to the standard of care that is widely accepted and reproducible?
Unhappy triad involves injuries to which structures?
Which term denotes the non-proprietary name of a drug, not owned by anyone, representing its chemical identity?
What are the four sensations an athlete will experience with the application of cryotherapy?
Cryotherapy is best defined as the therapeutic use of cold accomplished by applying a device or substance cooler than what?
Which category of electrical stimulation uses a continuous, non-pulsed current?
What happens to a 1 MHz ultrasound beam when it travels through tissue?
A chronic injury is ...
Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome involves the initial mobilization of resources to cope with a stressor?
The traditional decreased blood flow theory states what?
Pulsed diathermy is associated with which of the following tissue changes?
Which ultrasound mode delivers energy continuously for the entire treatment time?
What is the maximum Beam Uniformity Ratio (BNR) that should not be exceeded in therapeutic ultrasound?
In the ankle sprain rehab progression, which type of exercise typically follows isometric exercises?
What type of ultrasound wave is used in tissue therapy?
Morton's neuroma is most commonly located between which metatarsals?
Tapotement uses which type of movements?
Cryokinetics is best described as?
Which term corresponds to the field describing the time-related processing of a drug by the body, including absorption and elimination?
Agility is best described as?
Strengthening which muscle is vital for throwing athletes?
What law states that like charges repel and unlike charges attract?
What is the duty cycle in ultrasound therapy?
Which of the following is a pro of phonophoresis?
For the pad (bladder) method, what should you do with the pad?
During remodeling, which process occurs?
Convection heat transfer occurs when which occurs?
RICE stands for?
Which type of ultrasound wave propagates parallel to the direction of travel?
A larger ERA beam is described as which?
Which of the following is an opioid analgesic?
Which duty cycle values indicate pulsed ultrasound?
What is cavitation?
Which statement describes transmission of energy in tissue?
What is the recommended whirlpool temperature range for ice immersion?
Induction methods of diathermy involve placing the body part into what?
How long does immediate care typically last?
Which crystal material is used in the ultrasound transducer?
Compared with NSAIDs, acetaminophen is not associated with which adverse effect?
Which pain scale uses descriptors and no numbers?
Paraffin baths are used to treat subacute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis with joint stiffness and decreased ROM. What is the typical paraffin bath temperature?
Which technique combines traction with varying amounts of stretch to produce a moderate sustained force on the muscle and its fascia to lengthen them?
Isometric Exercise is best described as which?
Wound healing is enhanced with which ultrasound modality?
Tapotement movements include which of the following?
During the acute phase, which is a typical use of high-voltage electrical stimulation?
Circuit training is effective for improving which two fitness components?
Where is Staphylococcus normally present?
the action of one agent on another that evokes activity in the receiving structure or agent
Which massage stroke milks deep tissues and increases venous and lymphatic return?
At the cellular level, ultrasound can cause which change to tissue permeability?
Which combination of media is listed as usable for transmitting ultrasound?
Increasing the duty cycle during therapeutic ultrasound will most directly increase which of the following?
Which tissue type has relatively little effect on ultrasound propagation?
Which massage stroke is described as a superficial, longitudinal stroke toward the heart to aid venous return?
How often must ultrasound equipment be calibrated?
Continuous output in ultrasound is associated with what effect?
What are the three stages of care?
The term 4X4 area in the material most closely describes which shape?
Daily adjustable progressive resistive exercise (DAPRE) is characterized by which protocol?
What is the second phase in the listed sequence of injury phases?
Diaphoresis is defined as which of the following?
Why should the sound head be moved during ultrasound treatment?
The treatment area for ultrasound should be how many times larger than the transducer?
What is the relationship between ultrasound intensity and tissue temperature?
Approximately how many electrons correspond to one coulomb of charge?
What goes in the plan of care portion of a SOAP note?
MHz stands for what?
A chronic injury is defined as:
Why move the sound head during ultrasound therapy?
Which sound head diameter is associated with treating a bigger area?
A peripheral nerve that carries sensations, including nociceptive stimuli that result in acute pain; larger and faster-acting than C fibers.
What are the three major types of bacterial infections described?
What is the efferent response to sensory information commonly called?
Which option lists the full eight phases of injury as stated in the material?
Which statement describes the capacitive diathermy method?
Which statement best describes the role of a density change at a boundary in ultrasound?
During epithelization, what is the main event occurring?
Which statement about diathermy safety and radio frequencies is true?
Which medication is NOT a predisposer to heat illness?
What is the primary intent of cold application immediately after injury?
Effleurage is a superficial, longitudinal stroke used to relax the patient. When applied toward the heart, it reduces swelling and aids venous return. What is another characteristic?
Nonthermal effects of ultrasound include which of the following?
Which modality is explicitly noted as increasing blood flow to tissues?
The Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise (DAPRE) technique involves which structure?
Bioavailability is defined as what?
The term associated with persistent fear and avoidance of a stimulus is which?
An example of hydrotherapy is:
In the acute injury management using RICE, which statement is correct?
Bone burning from ultrasound is most likely associated with which type of pain?
What does a 100% duty cycle indicate in continuous ultrasound?
During the inflammation phase, which occurs?
Which pair are pain nerve fibers according to the material?
Which type of electrical stimulator is considered subsensory?
Bone burning will cause a ______ pain
Which term describes activity requiring oxygen and typically associated with long-distance running?
Which statement about Graves' disease is correct?
If an athlete needs to lose weight for health reasons, how many calories must his or her daily diet be reduced by in order to lose 1-2 lbs per week?
Which exercise modality provides excellent means for rehab?
What happens to the beam as distance from the transducer increases?
Limiting the size of the treatment area in ultrasound therapy causes the waves to do what?
Which actions do the rhomboid muscles perform to stabilize the scapula?
Continuous Passive Motion is commonly used after which scenario?
In ultrasound, which parameter describes the energy delivered per unit area?
What is the maximum recommended Beam Uniformity Ratio (BNR) value?
Which heat transfer mechanism involves heat transfer through a moving medium such as air or water, causing temperature variations?
Which of the following is not a phase of healing?
Ice application is typically continued for how long after the injury?
Which conditioning component is needed to perceive the position of the foot as it lands on the ground after the swing phase of gait?
What is the primary intent of cold application immediately following injury?
Plyometric exercises utilize which sequence?
Which type of repair involves damaged cells being replaced with simpler cells?
An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
Thermotherapy refers to which modality?
Pulsed ultrasound is associated with nonthermal effects.
CAP stands for which term?
In the RICE protocol, when should compression be applied?
Isokinetic Exercise is defined by which characteristic?
Which observation describes how ultrasound energy behaves at a boundary where density changes, with some energy continuing to the next tissue?
Which of the following is an effect of cold application?
Which statement best describes heating depth as frequency increases?
Biophysical effects of diathermy include which of the following?
Which is a common adverse effect of an opioid analgesic?
Diathermy effects on injury response includes which characteristic?
Which frequency is preferred for heating superficial tissues?
Prilosec is an over-the-counter medication used for:
Spatial Average Temporal Average (SATA) intensity corresponds to?
Which outcome is associated with friction massage?
A commonly cited limitation in diathermy research is that studies tend to be small.
What happens when tissue resistance increases during diathermy?
Which term describes moving research findings into practical use in healthcare?
Which medication category is used with ultrasound and is a steroid?
Hot whirlpools are typically used at what temperature range for how long?
What is the reported continuous effect of ultrasound on tissue healing?
Direct current is defined as which of the following?
In electrotherapy, the coupling medium is also called ...
Which of the following best represents the sensory nerve fiber types mentioned?
What best describes a shotgun approach in therapeutic modalities?
What is the minimum distance required between electrodes in iontophoresis?
Which stretching technique is described as the technique of choice before activity?
Which effect is described by micromassage in nonthermal ultrasound?
Spatial average temporal average intensity is best described as which quantity?
Biofeedback is described as what process?
In the remodeling phase, which change describes the capillary network?
A dry, nonproductive cough is most commonly caused by what?
Which tissue response involves movement of ions under an electric field?
Mental illness is defined as which of the following?
For continuous ultrasound operated underwater, the water should be:
In the drum configuration for diathermy, what item is essential?
What is the upward force experienced by a body submerged in a fluid that opposes gravity, giving the sensation of weightlessness in water?
Which of the following is listed as types of Personality Disorder?
Higher frequency ultrasound (3 MHz) will...
What are the four phases of healing?
The two types of pain relief are?
For an acute injury, which ultrasound setting is recommended?
The reflection of ultrasound at tissue interfaces mainly depends on differences in what property?
Which of the following describes the eight steps in clinical decision making?
Longwave diathermy is the oldest method and is not used commonly anymore. Which option lists the other three diathermy modes?
As the duty cycle approaches 100%, what happens to the thermal effect?
In partial weight bearing gait (3-point gait), how are crutches used?
What is the five-step application framework for immediate care?
Which statement describes absorption?
Which is a therapeutic goal of deep heating?
What is the typical paraffin bath treatment time?
Ultrasound waves propagate parallel to which direction?
What is the main component increased during the proliferation phase?
In isokinetic training, which variable is manipulated while the movement speed remains constant?
Which phase follows the cellular response in tissue healing?
Where is the primary location for ATP production in skeletal muscle?
Ultrasound effects on inflammation include which of the following?
When rehabilitating a musculoskeletal injury, what is the proper progression of treatment?
Which of the following is an indication for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
Which of the following are listed as contraindications to diathermy?
The phase of injury in which ATP is produced is termed what?
During remodeling what is happening?
Using a 3 inch diameter sound head is associated with which outcome?
Dexamethasone (Decadron) is
In the lower extremity D1 flexion pattern, which combination of hip movements is performed?
Which rehab phase begins immediately after injury and focuses on swelling control and pain modulation using RICE?
Which contraction involves the muscle shortening to overcome or move resistance?
For an acute injury, ultrasound is used with what duty cycle?
Cryotherapy refers to which concept?
If continuous ultrasound is used, water should be what temperature?
Pregnancy is listed as a contraindication for ultrasound therapy. Which option reflects that?
Record keeping supports communication in which three areas?
Standing waves in ultrasound therapy create which of the following?
During healing, exercise increases oxygen delivery to tissues by which mechanism?
Cystic fibrosis is best described as
Cryostretch is defined as alternating cold application, passive stretch, and resistive muscle contraction for rehabilitating which condition?
What constitutes direct coupling for ultrasound?
The breakdown of the cell membrane and its organelles is best described as which ultrastructural change?
The near field of an ultrasound beam is characterized by which intensity pattern?
In capacitive field diathermy, how are the electrodes placed?
Which type of knee brace is designed to be used rehabilitatively following surgical repair to allow controlled progressive immobilization?
Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of modalities?
Which term correctly describes the basic unit of charge produced by 6.28 x 10^18 electrons?
Ptosis is
Which term is the time it takes for the concentration of drug molecules at the site of action to become large enough to cause a noticeable biological response?
In a transverse (shear) wave, the particle displacement is:
If energy strikes a body part at an angle away from 90°, what happens to absorption?
For a paraffin bath, what is the safe wax temperature and the maximum acceptable temperature before risk of burn?
Which condition occurs when the foot or hand is in contact with the ground, bearing weight?
What type of collagen is formed first in the proliferation stage?
Which parameter defines the rate of energy absorption per tissue area in diathermy?
An example of light therapy is:
Aspirin is described as the most commonly used drug to relieve pain and inflammation. This statement is best represented by which choice?
The pad (bladder) method is used to accommodate irregularly shaped body parts by filling the pad with which substance?
How long does emergency care typically last?
Pain during ultrasound can be caused by which factors?
In cryokinetics, after applying cold to numb the area, what is the recommended next step?
Examples of chronic injuries include:
What is spatial peak intensity?
Heat production is related to which factor?
During remodeling, which statement best describes the relationship between capillary changes and collagen restructuring?
As the duty cycle of ultrasound approaches 100 percent, the thermal effects tend to which of the following?
Which option is NOT listed as a source of evidence for evidence-based practice in the material?
SAID stands for which principle?
Name the six classes of modalities.
During proliferation, what is occurring?
Energy is located on the sound head in which position?
Paranoia is described as which of the following?
Pulsed ultrasound on wound healing has what effect on open wounds?
After 14 days, what kind of care sets in?
What term identifies the maximum intensity within the ultrasound beam?
Is there a vaccine to prevent Hepatitis C (HCV)?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome?
Which area is listed as a contraindication for ultrasound therapy?
Which of the following is NOT among the listed goals for orthopedic injury rehabilitation?
Which modalities are used for deep healing in Phase 3?
The term that defines the amount of power produced by an ultrasound unit is?
Which effect is aimed at preventing myositis ossificans?
Which muscle is NOT a primary external rotator of the shoulder?
______ is a type of electrotherapy used to reeducate muscle.
Heat production during ultrasound treatment is related to which concept?
An acute injury is best described as which of the following?
If hyperventilation does not adequately increase the O2 supply in the blood during aerobic exercise, what must occur to meet the gas exchange demands?
Which statement best defines isometric exercise?
Which scenario is considered a diagnostic imaging use of ultrasound?
Which item is listed as an impediment to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP)?
Which phase is characterized by an initial barrier of tissue being formed?
Which term describes the molecular site where a drug interacts to produce a biological effect, typically a receptor or enzyme?
CAP stands for which of the following?
Streptococcus is commonly found in which areas of the body?
Paraffin baths are used to treat which conditions?
Spatial Average Temporal Peak (SATP) intensity is defined as?
Which term describes converting electrical energy into acoustic energy in the transducer?
During which phase do neutrophils and macrophages arrive at the damage site?
Spatial average intensity is measured in which units?
Specific absorption rate measures what?
Which activity demonstrates Plyometric Exercise?
Which medication is a cephalosporin?
What are the four types of sensory nerve fibers?
Flexibility is best defined as the ability to move joints through their full ROM with ease in which wording?
Which nonthermal effect is associated with immune response by phagocytosis stimulation?
What mechanism explains heat production in short-wave diathermy?
What is a major disadvantage of PNF stretching?
Which topical OTC antibacterial is a combination product that includes bacitracin?
What is the reported effect of continuous ultrasound on blood flow after treatment?
McKenzie extension exercises are used for degenerative disk disease and postural dysfunction.
Which item is NOT listed among the seven pain-relief tools?
Which drug is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for asthma?
Continuous ultrasound on injury response process tends to do what?
Which statement is cited as a controversy in ultrasound research?
Swelling and edema often occur during which process?
During the compression phase of the ultrasound crystal, which density is produced?
In electrotherapy, what is the purpose of a coupling medium?
During remodeling, wound contraction is well under way, and Type III collagen is converted to Type I collagen to stabilize and restore the injury site.
Radiation in therapeutic heating refers to energy transfer in which form?
Which scale uses a straight line with endpoints labeled to indicate pain intensity?
Which medication is commonly used with ultrasound to enhance diffusion?
What are the four phases of healing?
Cryostretch combines cold therapy, static stretching, and which technique?
Diathermy is the therapeutic use of what to heat deep tissues?
Give an example of cryotherapy.
Which massage stroke involves rapid oscillatory movements?
The degree of caution and procedures required of an individual who is under a duty of care is termed what?

BOC Domain 4 Treatment and Rehab – Therapeutic Modalities Practice Test

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